The United States Department of the Treasury has implemented restrictive measures against two prominent commanders of armed factions operating in the eastern region of the République Démocratique du Congo. This decision is a direct result of Washington’s ongoing efforts to secure a diplomatic and peaceful resolution to the persistent violence in the area.
Targeting leadership in the M23 and FDLR
Representing the M23, John Imani Nzenze has been officially blacklisted. As the head of intelligence for the rebel movement, Nzenze is identified as a primary deputy to Sultani Makenga, a figure already under heavy US and UN sanctions. Nzenze’s history with the group dates back to the 2012-2013 uprising, during which he orchestrated several military offensives against the Congolese armed forces.
Simultaneously, the sanctions target Gustave Kubwayo, frequently referred to by the alias “Colonel Sirkoof.” He leads a specialized unit focused on intelligence and tactical operations for the FDLR, a group that remains highly active within the Nyiragongo territory of North Kivu.
Demands for regional stability
In a statement regarding these actions, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent highlighted the specific requirements for peace. The US expects the government of the République Démocratique du Congo to take decisive action to neutralize the FDLR and its associated militias. Furthermore, Rwanda is urged to withdraw its military personnel from Congolese soil and terminate all logistical or political support for the M23, in alignment with the Washington Accords signed on December 4, 2025.
As a result of these designations, any financial assets or property belonging to these individuals that are located within the United States, or managed by US persons, are now frozen. These measures aim to disrupt the financial networks that sustain conflict and destabilization in West Africa and the Great Lakes region.
